Which polarity provides optimal penetration and lower heat input in stick welding?

In stick welding, also known as Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), the polarity that provides optimal penetration and lower heat input is Direct Current Electrode Negative (DCEN). When using DCEN, the majority of the heat is concentrated at the workpiece rather than the electrode. This attribute leads to deeper penetration of the weld, making it especially effective for welding thicker materials. The reduced heat input helps to minimize the risk of warping or excessive melting of the base metal, which is critical for maintaining the integrity and quality of the weld.

Using DCEN also promotes a more stable arc, which is beneficial for creating a clean and controlled welding environment. The greater current density at the workpiece helps to draw the molten weld pool towards the base material, facilitating better fusion and creating stronger welds. Given these advantages, DCEN stands out as the preferred polarity in many stick welding applications, particularly where penetration and control are essential.