What do the letters ESO signify in welding terminology?

The letters ESO in welding terminology stand for Electrical Stick Out. This term refers to the distance between the end of the electrode and the workpiece during the welding process. Having the proper stick out is crucial as it impacts the arc stability, the heat input, penetration, and overall weld quality. An appropriate stick out length ensures that the electrode does not overheat or become contaminated, which could adversely affect the weld's integrity. Understanding stick out is vital for welders to achieve optimal results and maintain consistent welding practices according to industry standards.