Submerged arc welding can only be performed in which position?

Submerged arc welding (SAW) is primarily performed in the flat position due to the nature of the process and the mechanical characteristics of the setup. In this process, a continuous electrode is fed to a weld pool, which is covered by a layer of granular flux that protects the weld from contaminants and atmospheric exposure.

When performing welding in the flat position, gravity assists in keeping the molten metal pooled, allowing for greater control over the weld and ensuring that the flux can adequately cover the weld area. This position also permits a higher deposition rate and better accessibility, making it more efficient for producing high-quality welds in thicker materials.

While submerged arc welding can technically be adapted to other positions, such as horizontal or even vertical, the flat position remains the most effective and widely used. The difficulties associated with maintaining the welding arc and the geometry of the weld pool in less favorable positions can lead to defects and a less effective welding operation. Therefore, the flat position is preferred and most commonly associated with submerged arc welding.